March 20 the Egyptian people voted in a referendum to amend or articles of the present constitution to begin signaling pathway Revolution Tahrir Square: the end of the Mubarak era.
Muslim Brotherhood (Islamic liberals), the Army and the remnants of the old regime still very influential, called the vote. Young people, the broad left, unions, and liberal center, ie, the protagonists of the revolution, defended the negative feedback to stress the need for a genuine constitutional process. The result was a very low participation of 41%, and total absence of international verification-77, 2% in favor of the amendments and 22.8 against.
What reading can make this work?
On 19, 20 and March 21 participated, along with the staff of the group Mireia Rovira, on a visit to Cairo as part of the European Parliament delegation. This visit allowed me to exchange views with the protagonists of the revolution and those who want to extend it to prevent a substantial change.
Interviews obviated active representation of the Revolution of Tahrir. The official agenda included meetings with:
- United States Ambassador
- EU Ambassadors
- Amre Moussa, Secretary General of the Arab League
- Prime Minister Essam Sharaf
- Minister of Foreign Affairs, El Araby
- Pope Shenouda of the Coptic Church
- The Muslim Brotherhood
- El Ghad
Party - Party At Wassat
- Tagammu Party
There was only one meeting with the representatives of civil society and human rights defenders human (without the presence of trade unions) that allowed to receive ratings for the situation in Egypt during and after the Revolution.
meetings were off the official agenda which allowed me to know the keys of the Revolution and the referendum.
held meetings with a delegation of the Communist Party of Egypt (Mohamed Salah Adly and Fakruldeen) and a representative of the Association (Hamdy Hussein), and also with Samir Amin.
- The Revolution.
In 2006, in the Nile Delta, the industrial city of Al-Mahalla, was paralyzed by a general strike called by trade unionists unions outside of the regime Association formed a committee.
The strike spread to other cities in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The trade union committee, along with youth and others participated in demonstrations in Tahrir Square set-up shop from scratch.
The social base of the revolution was silenced by the big international media companies.
The convergence of workers' struggles with youth, with a liberal and democratic middle class was creating the conditions for genuine democratic uprising but a well organized party leadership.
The demands for change were universal demands of freedom, rights social, employment creation and fair wages, a new Constitution and the dismantling of the regime. Religion, as in Tunisia did not appear or tangentially.
Youth, which represents 63% of the Egyptian population (the average age is 24 years), democratic, anti-imperialist and leftist was the catalyst for an unprecedented call in Tahrir Square, as speaker of demonstrations in Egypt. A million people were mobilized within days spent fifteen million.
Keep in mind that there were no legal parties opposing the regime. The outlawed Marxist left is highly fragmented. The Communist Party has only been legal from 1922 to 1924 and is now, since 13 March when they have decided to come to the surface.
A "National Committee for Change, which gathered around the front anti-Mubarak, was the driving force of the fall of Mubarak. In the Committee participated, among other forces, the PC, who set up a radio to broadcast live from Tahrir Square. According to Samir Amin
, this movement was formed: a youth
-imperialist, democratic, but with little ideological sympathy with the PC and other Marxists.
-democratic liberal middle classes but not imperialism.
-unofficial unions.
Faced with that block or movement, the Egyptian Armed Forces, allies of the United States of America (1,300 million dollars are annually) along with the Muslim Brotherhood (tolerated by Mubarak), the middle class Muslim fanatic and the state apparatus established survivors strategy after the fall of Mubarak to contain the revolutionary impulse, thus maintaining its hegemony.
- the referendum.
February 13, the Supreme Council of the armed forces suspended the constitution after the resignation of Mubarak.
March 20 referendum was organized on nine constitutional amendments proposed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. These amendments proposed to reduce the presidential term from six to four years, the establishment of a maximum of two presidential terms for the same person and that the President appoint one or more Vice Presidents within 60 days after his inauguration. Perhaps most significant is that these amendments are charting the way for a specific transition process: it aims to conduct parliamentary and presidential elections in the next 6 months. The amendments also provided for the election of a committee of 100 scholars who will be responsible for writing a new constitution, although it is unclear who will select this committee.
In a country where parties and unions are still illegal, with an Army that continues to direct and control the situation, the call for a referendum to "tweak" the Constitution of the regime became for some sectors of Egypt's best start to slow down and control it from the Revolution the wreckage of Mubarak.
The protagonists of the revolution were positioned against the reform require a constitutional process in front of the block itself (Muslim Brotherhood, army and remnants of the regime and Mubarak's National Democratic Party, with support from the U.S.).
The victory of the other with a low turnout indicates that the scenario is being very open and to the extent that social and political forces organizers of the Revolution are legalized and organized, the way to a New Constitution will remain open. That is what Samir Amin said a day before the referendum.
Ahmed Maher, very young leader of the Movement April 6, we conveyed his intention to travel to Europe to report on the Revolution. In fact, we indicated that travel to Granada (Spain) at an event organized by the Diputación de Granada.
- The European Union newsprint.
Like the U.S., the European Union was a collaborator with Mubarak to hold an Association Agreement with the objective of ensuring free trade without requiring compliance with human rights as conditions of Article 2.
The current focus of the European Union and most of the caucuses is mentor and influence the process of change for Avoiding a progressive, leftist and anti-imperialist new Egyptian institutions.
is significant release of the President of the European Parliament, Poland's Jerzy Buzek, European Popular Party, which at the end of the visit of the delegation undertook to convey and facilitate the experiences of Central and Eastern Europe to society Egyptian civil.
Put another way, to contribute to prevent the advance of socialist ideas in Egypt.
Foundations of European parties will invest a lot of money to support the conservative forces, liberal and reactionary. This has been announced now.
think we @ s, as far as we can, we should do the same to help drive the revolution. Civil society tells us that they are producing arrests and torture by military and police.
Ragia Omram, the Youth Coalition of Tahrir Square, which was scheduled appearance before the European parliamentary delegation was unable to attend to be detained by the military on the day of the referendum vote. In Interview with Prime Minister Essam Sharaf I expressed my concern about these detentions and torture continue to occur. I replied that actually Ragia Omram was arrested and released at dawn and anyone interested to stop the arrests.